Throughput
Calculate network throughput from data transferred and time
How to use Throughput
- 1Enter the amount and time you want to transfer.
- 2Select the unit (MB/GB with seconds/min).
- 3Reads Mbps or MB/s throughput rates and compares them with chain capacity.
Swallow rate and bandwidth
Swallow rate = amount of data transmitted / time; 1 MB/s = 8 MbpsThe rate is the rate of actual successful data delivery; bandwidth is the theoretical capacity of the link.
The actual throughput rate is often lower than the bandwidth as a result of cost, congestion and inefficient agreements (TCP, repeat).
** Goodput is the true indicator of interest to users**: it offsets all costs of the head, re-transmitting, handshakes, etc. of the agreement, and only the rate of effective application of the data. A 100 Mbps link with about 6% of the Ethernet+IP+TCP head, 1% of the reuse, and the effects of the TCP slow start, Goodput is usually only 85-92 Mbps. **Goodput rather than bandwidth must be used for capacity planning, or systematically overestimated.
Three common bottlenecks in throughput: 1 ** Bandwidth limit** (small files, low bandwidth links); 2 ** Delay limit** (large data, high delay links, not enough windows); 3 ** Constraint limit** (sufficient connections, insufficient threads). Method of judgement: Increased co-optation increases, indicating a delay/coupt bottleneck, and a bandwidth bottleneck, if added to many. ** Multi-wire downloads, HTTP/2 multiple re-uses are all intended to address the problem of delays. **
| Indicators | Definitions | Units | Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bandwidth | Maximum capacity of links | bps | Road lanes |
| Throughput | Actual successful transmission rate | bps | Cars passing by unit time |
| Delay Latency | Time taken for data arrival | ms | One-way time. |
| Dither | Delayed fluctuations | ms | Stability of travel time |
| Lose rate | Proportion of packages lost | % | Accident rate |
| Goodput | Valid data (excluding header/repeal) | bps | Actual shipments |
Distinction of vs bandwidth vs delay
Frequently asked questions
Why is the speed of the package half?
Costs, competition and the slow start of TCP will make the actual rate of throughput much lower than the linear rate.
Mbps or MB/s?
Operation of commercial Mbps (bit); file transfer display MB/s (bytes). Divide by eight comparable.
Wi-Fi, can you reach the Ethernet?
Usually not; radio frequency interference and semi-dips reduce Wi-Fi throughput.
How do you measure the true amount of vomit?
Fight at two ends using iperf3 (command line) to measure both TCP and UDP and to specify the size and flow of the window; measure the Internet ' s export bandwidth with Speedtest.net; and measure the actual transfer rate of the disk to disk with dd + scp. Note: 1 one-way or two-way test; 2 Tests are at least 30 seconds long (shielding from the TCP slow start-up phase); 3 Multiple tests take a median; 4 Excludes other traffic disturbances. UDP testing also focuses on shaking and throwing bags.
Why is there only 40 MB/s in the web copy?
Around 320 Mbps (40 MB/s) is usually a disk bottleneck** rather than a network bottleneck. The mechanical hard drive is about 100-150 MB/s, and the small document may be only 1-5 MB/s at random. The SMB/CIFS protocol itself is not a small cost (SMB 1.0 is particularly slow and is recommended for SMB 3.0). Also, encryption (VPN, SMB signatures), real-time poisoning scanning, and metadata operations for a large number of small files can be significantly slowed down. Queries: First, use iperf3 to confirm that the network itself can run full and then remove disks, protocols, software factors one by one.
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