Latency Converter
Convert between ping time units (seconds, milliseconds, microseconds, nanoseconds)
How to use Latency Converter
- 1Enter the delay value (ms, micros or ns).
- 2Select the target unit to convert.
- 3The delay in reading the equivalent under the new unit is used for network and storage adjustments.
Delayed conversion of units
1 ms = 1000 μs = 1,000,000 ns; 1 μs = 1000 nsDelay is the time required for the transfer of the package or I/O request, often expressed on different scales.
Network traffic usually takes milliseconds, SSD I/O takes microseconds, memory/CPU cache access takes nanoseconds.
Delayed unit conversion: 1 seconds = 1,000 ms (ms) = 1,000,000 μs = 1,000,000,000 ns (ns). Network delays usually take place using ms, CPU cache access ns, and it is useful to understand the magnitude differences: L1 Cache 1 ns, Memory 100 ns, SSD about 100 ms, Air Room Networks around 0.5 ms, Transnational 200 ms. ** From memory to transnational networks, six orders of magnitude were delayed,** which is why the performance of distributed systems is optimized to reduce the number of geographical calls in the first place.
Distinguishing between two easy concepts:** delay is "how long is the first byte" and bandwidth is "how much can be passed per second"**. The construction of a wider high-speed road will not make the one-way time shorter (width without delay), but will allow more vehicles to pass at the same time (increased throughput). In turn, the delay would expose interactive applications (SSH, remote desktops, online games, videoconferencing) to poor experience, even if the bandwidth was adequate. ** This is also the core value of the CDN: to place content close to the user and reduce delays. **
| scene | RTT Delay | Evaluation | Applicable operations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Consisting Process | < 0.1 ms | Very soon. | Local Call |
| Co-locator interior network | 0.2 – 1 ms | Very soon. | Microservice Call |
| IDC | 1 – 5 ms | Soon. | We're living together. |
| Cross-provincial (domestic) | 20 – 50 ms | Good. | General Web |
| We're going to America. | 150 – 200 ms | Slower | We need to speed up. |
| 4G Mobile Network | 30 – 80 ms | General | Move Apply |
| GEO satellite | 500 – 700 ms | Slow. | Emergency only |
Typical network delay reference value
Frequently asked questions
Why is the unit important?
Ten milliseconds and ten microseconds are 1,000 times different, and confusion can cause huge design errors.
Delay and light speed?
The fibre-optic light is about 200,000 km/s and about 5 ms per 1,000 km one-way is the hard lower limit.
The lower the delay, the better?
The interactive scene is, but it is impossible to beat physics; distance is set at a minimum.
What's it worth?
Reference criteria: Playing online games (FPS/MOBA) recommends < 50 ms, 50 ms, 50 ms, 100 ms can play but can feel delay, > 150 ms visible carton; videoconferencing < 150 ms fluent, > 300 ms dialogue breaks each other; web page viewing < 200 ms feels good. Note that ping measures delays in ICMPs and actual TCP applications plus handshakes and transfer times, usually higher than ping values.
What's the theoretical lower limit for fibre-optic delay?
Subject to light speed: approximately 3 x 108 m/s in the vacuum and about 1.47 in fibre-optics due to a refraction rate down to about 2.04 x 108 m/s, i.e. about 4.9 ms per km. Beijing to Shanghai is about 1100 km, fibre-optic is about 1400 km, one-way is about 6.9 ms, and about 14 ms -** It's a physical floor, and it's not going to be perfect. The actual measurements are often at 25-35 ms, with the bulk coming from routers forwarding, PV conversion and switch queuing. So the "low delay line" optimizes space in these middle links.
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