Data Size
Convert between bytes, KB, MB, GB, TB and more
How to use Data Size
- 1Enter the values bytes, KB, MB, GB or TB.
- 2Select binary (1024) or decimal (1000) interpretation.
- 3Reads the equivalent size under all other units.
Data Size Unit Conversion
1 GiB = 1024 MiB; 1 GB = 1,000 MB (decimal); MiB = 10242 bytesThere are two systems for storage: the binary (kiB/MiB/Gib, 1024) for operating systems and the commercial Decimal (KB/MB/GB, 1000) for harddisk plants.
So the 1 TB hard drive shows 931 GiB in the file manager Rio.
The storage unit has two sets of standards, which are the source of "1TB hard disks with only 931GB":** the harddisk plant commercial Decimal** (1 TB = 1012 bytes),** the operating system is binary** (1 TibB = 240 = 1,099, 511, 627,776 bytes). 1012 ÷ 230 ≈ 931.3, so 1 TB hard drive shows about 931 GB in Windows. This is not a matter of water contraction or quality, but of measuring different calibres.
When converting, remember the difference of 1024 (binary) or 1000 (decimal). Quick estimation techniques: **1024 ≈ 1000 x 1.024, so the difference of 2.4 per cent for each step ** and of the level 3 (GB→B) cumulatively about 7.4 per cent. Document size, memory capacity, binary; hard disk label, network speed, decimal. Network operators say "100 trillion broadband" means 100 Mbps = 100 x 106 bit/s divided by 8 to 12.5 MB/s theoretical download speed.
| Unit (binary) | Actual bytes | Decimal Unit | margin |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 KiB | 1,024 B | 1 KB = 1,000 B | 2.4% |
| 1 MiB | 1,048,576 B | 1 MB = 10⁶ B | 4.9% |
| 1 GiB | 1,073,741,824 B | 1 GB = 10⁹ B | 7.4% |
| 1 TiB | 1.0995 × 10¹² B | 1 TB = 10¹² B | 10.0% |
| 1 PiB | 1.1259 × 10¹⁵ B | 1 PB = 10¹⁵ B | 12.6% |
Storage units converted (binary versus decimal)
Frequently asked questions
Why does a TB hard drive show 931 GB?
Plant commercial Decimal TB (10^12 bytes); system binary GiB, 10^12 / 10243 ≈ 931 GiB.
Which one?
It's all right under its system, and the confusion only results from unit labels.
Where's Bitt and byte?
Net speeds by bits; bytes divided by 8.
Why is the speed of downloads much smaller than the bandwidth?
Three reasons: 1 unit conversion, 100 Mbps = 12.5 MB/s (1 byte = 8 bits); 2 protocol cost, TCP/IP head, with an ethoscope of about 5 per cent-10 per cent, with lower actual effective bandwidth;3 network wear and tear, with reduced real speed for peak hours, cross-operators, and Wi-Fi interference. So 100M broadband actually downloads 10-12 MB/s are normal, about 200M 22-25 MB/s, about 90-110 MB/s.
Why does the document actually occupy more space than the document itself?
File system**cluster** mechanism: Disk distributed space by block of fixed size, default 4 KB. A 1 KB file will also occupy 4 KB, and a 4.1 KB file will occupy 8 KB. This is a huge waste of small documents. In addition, space will be occupied by NTFS MFT, logs, wastebins, system reduction points. An accurate statistic can be viewed with a tool to support the comparison of folders with vs file sizes.